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TITLE 8. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
CHAPTER 4. DIVISION OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
SUBCHAPTER 7. GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY ORDERS
GROUP 16. CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
ARTICLE 110. REGULATED CARCINOGENS
Date:
11/25/2013
Document:
ยง 5218. Benzene
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) This section applies to all occupational exposures to benzene, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 71-43-2, except as provided in subsections (a)(2) and (a)(3).
(2) This section does not apply to:
(A) The storage, transportation, distribution, dispensing, sale or use of gasoline, motor fuels, or other fuels con-taining benzene subsequent to their final discharge from bulk wholesale storage facilities, except that operations where gasoline or motor fuels are dispensed for more than 4 hours per day in an indoor location are covered by this section.
(B) Loading and unloading operations at bulk wholesale storage facilities which use vapor control systems for all loading and unloading operations, except for the provisions of section 5194, Hazard Communication, as incorporated into this section and the emergency provisions of subsections (g) and (i)(4) of this section.
(C) The storage, transportation, distribution or sale of benzene or liquid mixtures containing more than 0.1 percent benzene in intact containers or in transportation pipelines while sealed in such a manner as to contain benzene vapors or liquid, except for the provisions of section 5194, Hazard Communication, as incorporated into this section and the emergency provisions of subsections (g) and (i)(4) of this section.
(D) Containers and pipelines carrying mixtures with less than 0.1 percent benzene and natural gas processing plants processing gas with less than 0.1 percent benzene.
(E) Work operations where the only exposure to benzene is from liquid mixtures containing 0.1 percent or less of benzene by volume, or the vapors released from such liquids.
(F) Tire building machine operators except that such operators using solvents with more than 0.1 percent benzene are covered by subsection (i) of this section.
(G) Oil and gas drilling, production and servicing operations.
(H) Coke oven batteries.
(3) The cleaning and repair of barges and tankers which have contained benzene are excluded from subsections (f), methods of compliance; (e)(1), exposure monitoring-general; and (e)(6), accuracy of monitoring. Engineering and work practice controls shall be used to keep exposures below 10 ppm unless proven to not be feasible.
(b) Definitions.
"Action level." A concentration of airborne benzene of 0.5 ppm calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average.
"Authorized person." Any person specifically authorized by the employer whose duties require the person to en-ter a regulated area, or any person entering such an area as a designated representative of employees for the purpose of exercising the right to observe monitoring and measuring procedures under subsection (1).
"Benzene." A chemical with the empirical formula, C6H6, and Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No.71-43-2. For the purposes of this section, it includes both liquefied and gaseous forms of benzene; benzene contained in liquid mixtures; and the benzene vapors released from such mixtures. It does not include trace amounts of unreacted ben-zene in solid materials.
"Bulk wholesale storage facility." A bulk terminal or bulk plant where fuel is stored prior to its delivery to wholesale customers.
"Chief." The chief administrative officer of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 420603, San Francisco, CA 94142.
"Container." Any barrel, bottle, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like, but does not include piping systems.
"Day." Any part of a calendar day.
"Director." The Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee.
"Emergency." Any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which may or does result in an unexpected significant release of benzene.
"Employee exposure." Exposure to airborne benzene which would occur if the employee were not using respira-tory protective equipment.
"Regulated area." Any area where concentrations of airborne benzene exceed or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the allowable employee exposure limits, either the 8-hour time-weighted average exposure limit of 1 ppm or the short-term exposure limit of 5 ppm as averaged over a sampling period of 15 minutes.
"Vapor control system." Any equipment used for containing the total vapors displaced during the loading of gaso-line, motor fuel or other fuel tank trucks and the displacing of these vapors through a vapor processing system or bal-ancing the vapor with the storage tank. This equipment also includes systems containing the vapors displaced from the storage tank during the unloading of the tank truck which balance the vapors back to the tank truck.
(c) Employee Exposure Limits.
(1) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to an 8-hour time-weighted average concentration of airborne benzene in excess of one part benzene per million parts of air (1 ppm).
(2) Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL). The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to a concentration of airborne benzene in excess of five (5) ppm as averaged over a sampling period of fifteen (15) minutes.
(d) Regulated Areas.
(1) The employer shall establish a regulated area wherever the concentration of airborne benzene exceeds or can reasonably be expected to exceed either the PEL or the STEL.
(2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons.
(3) Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in any manner that minimizes the number of employees exposed to benzene within the regulated area.
(e) Exposure Monitoring.
(1) General.
(A) Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of each employee's average exposure to airborne benzene.
(B) Representative 8-hour time-weighted average exposures shall be determined on the basis of one sample or samples representing the full shift exposure for each job classification in each work area.
(C) Determinations of compliance with the STEL shall be made from 15-minute employee breathing zone samples measured at operations where there is reason to believe exposures are high, such as where tanks are opened, filled, unloaded or gauged; where containers or process equipment are opened and where benzene is used for cleaning or as a solvent in an uncontrolled situation. The employer may use objective data, such as measurements from brief period measuring devices, to determine where STEL monitoring is needed.
(D) Except for initial monitoring as required under subsection (e)(2), where the employer can document that one shift with consistently have higher employee exposures for an operation, the employer shall only be required to de-termine representative employee exposure for that operation during the shift on which the highest exposure is ex-pected.
(2) Initial Monitoring.
(A) Each employer who has a place of employment covered under subsection (a)(1) shall monitor each of these workplaces and work operations to determine accurately the concentrations of airborne benzene to which employees may be exposed.
(B) The initial monitoring required under subsection (a)(2)(A) shall be completed within 30 days of the introduction of benzene into the workplace.
(C) Where the employer has previously monitored and the monitoring satisfies all other requirements of this sec-tion, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of subsection (e)(2)(A).
(3) Periodic Monitoring and Monitoring Frequency.
(A) If the monitoring required by subsection (e)(2)(A) reveals employee exposure at or above the action level but at or below the PEL, the employer shall repeat such monitoring for each such employee at least every year.
(B) If the monitoring required by subsection (e)(2)(A) reveals employee exposure above the PEL, the employer shall repeat such monitoring for each such employee at least every six (6) months.
(C) The employer may alter the monitoring schedule from every six (6) months to annually for any employee for whom two consecutive measurements taken at least 7 days apart indicate that the employee exposure has decreased to the PEL or below, but is at or above the action level.
(D) Monitoring for compliance with the STEL shall be repeated as necessary to evaluate exposures of employees subject to short term exposures.
(4) Termination of Monitoring.
(A) If the initial monitoring required by subsection (e)(2)(A) reveals employee exposure to be below the action level, the employer may discontinue the monitoring for that employee except as otherwise required by subsection (e)(5).
(B) If the periodic monitoring required by subsection (e)(3) reveals that employee exposures, as indicated by at least two consecutive measurements taken at least 7 days apart, are below the action level, the employer may discon-tinue the monitoring for that employee, except as otherwise required by subsection (e)(5).
(5) Additional Monitoring.
(A) The employer shall institute the exposure monitoring require under subsections (e)(2) and (e)(3) when there has been a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel or work practices which may result in new or additional exposure to benzene, or when the employer has any reason to suspect a change which may result in new or additional exposures.
(B) Whenever spills, leaks, ruptures or other breakdowns occur that may lead to employee exposure, the employ-er shall monitor (using area or personal sampling) after the cleanup of the spill or repair of the leak, rupture or other breakdown to ensure that exposures have returned to the level that existed prior to the incident.
(6) Accuracy of Monitoring. Monitoring shall be accurate, to a confidence level of 95 percent, to within plus or minus 25 percent for concentrations of airborne benzene.
(7) Employee Notification of Monitoring Results.
(A) The employer shall, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this section, notify each employee of these results in writing either individually or by posting of results in an appropri-ate location that is accessible to affected employees.
(B) Whenever the PEL and/or STEL are exceeded, the written notification required by subsection (e)(7)(A) shall contain the corrective action being taken by the employer to reduce the employee exposure to or below the PEL and/or STEL, or shall refer to a document available to the employee which states the corrective actions to be taken.
(f) Methods of Compliance.
(1) Engineering Controls and Work Practices.
(A) The employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce and maintain employee expo-sure to benzene at or below the employee exposure limits, except to the extent that the employe can establish that these controls are not feasible or where the provisions of subsections (f)(1)(C) or (g)(1) apply.
(B) Wherever the feasible engineering controls and work practices which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL and/or STEL, the employer shall use them to reduce employee expo-sure to the lowest levels achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection which complies with the requirements of subsection (g).
(C) Where the employer can document that benzene is used in a workplace less than a total of 30 days per year, the employer shall use engineering controls, work practice controls or respiratory protection or any combination of these controls to reduce employee exposure to benzene to or below the PEL and/or STEL, except that employers shall use engineering and work practice controls, if feasible, to reduce employee exposure to or below 10 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average.
(2) Compliance Program.
(A) When exposures are over the PEL and/or STEL, the employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL and/or STEL primarily by means of engineering and work practice controls, as required by subsection (f)(1).
(B) The written program shall include a schedule for development and implementation of the engineering and work practice controls. These plans shall be reviewed and revised as appropriate based on the most recent exposure monitoring data, to reflect the current status of the program.
(C) Written compliance programs shall be furnished upon request for examination and copying to authorized rep-resentatives of the Chief, the Director, affected employees and designated employee representatives.
(g) Respiratory Protection.
(1) General. For employees who are required to use respirators by this section, the employer must provide respi-rators that comply with the requirements of this subsection. Respirators must be used during:
(A) Periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and work practice controls;
(B) Work operations for which the employer establishes that compliance with either the PEL or STEL through the use of engineering and work practice controls is not feasible, such as some maintenance and repair activities, vessel cleaning, or other operations where engineering and work practice controls are infeasible because exposures are in-termittent in nature and limited in duration;
(C) Work operations for which feasible engineering and work practice controls are not yet sufficient or are not required under subsection (f)(1)(C) to reduce exposure to or below the PEL or STEL; and
(D) Emergencies.
(2) Respirator program.
(A) The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with section 5144(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(C)), and (f) through (m).
(3) Respirator Selection.
(A) The employer shall select, and provide to employees, the appropriate respirators specified in Section 5144(d)(3)(A)1.
(B) Any employee who cannot wear a negative pressure respirator shall be given the option of wearing a respirator with less breathing resistance such as a powered air-purifying respirator or supplied air respirator.
(C) Employers shall provide employees with any organic vapor gas mask or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece to use for escape.
(D) Employers shall provide organic vapor cartridges or canisters for use with powered and non-powered air-purifying respirators, and chin-style canisters for use with full facepiece gas masks.
(E) Employers shall ensure that canisters used with non-powered air purifying respirators have a minimum service life of (4) hours when tested at 150 ppm benzene, at a flow rate of 64 LPM, 25o C, and 85% relative humidity.
(F) Employers shall ensure that canisters used with tight fitting and loose fitting powered air-purifying respirators, have a minimum service life of (4) hours when tested at 150 ppm benzene at a flow rate of 115 LPM and 170 LPM, respectively.
(h) Protective Clothing and Equipment. Personal protective clothing and equipment shall be worn where appro-priate to prevent eye contact and limit dermal exposure to liquid benzene. Protective clothing and equipment shall be provided by the employer at no cost to the employee and the employer shall assure appropriate use. Eye and face protection shall meet the requirements of article 10, Personal Safety Devices and Safeguards.
(i) Medical Surveillance.
(1) General.
(A) The employer shall make a medical surveillance program available for employees who are or may be exposed to benzene at or above the action level 30 or more days per year; for employees who are or may be exposed to ben-zene at or above the PEL and/or STEL 10 or more days per year; for employees who were exposed above 10 ppm of benzene for 30 or more days in any year prior to December 10, 1989 while employed by their current employer; and for employees involved in the tire building operations called tire building machine operators, who use solvents con-taining greater than 0.1 percent benzene.
(B) The employer shall assure that all medical examinations and procedures are performed by or under the super-vision of a licensed physician and that all laboratory tests are conducted by an accredited laboratory.
(C) The employer shall assure that persons other than licensed physicians who administer the pulmonary function testing required by this section shall complete a training course in spirometry sponsored by an appropriate govern-mental, academic or professional institution.
(D) The employer shall assure that all examinations and procedures are provided without cost to the employee and at a reasonable time and place.
(2) Initial Examination. Before the time of initial assignment, the employer shall provide each employee covered by subsection (i)(1)(A) with a medical examination in accordance with procedures prescribed by this subsection unless adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with these procedures within the past twelve months. The medical examination shall include the following elements;
(A) A detailed occupational history which includes:
1. Past work exposure to benzene or any other hematological toxins.
2. A family history of blood dyscrasia including hematological neoplasms;
3. A history of blood dyscrasia including genetic hemoglobin abnormalities, bleeding abnormalities, abnormal function of formed blood elements;
4. A history of renal or liver dysfunction;
5. A history of medicinal drugs routinely taken;
6. A history of previous exposure to ionizing radiation; and
7. Exposure to marrow toxins outside of the current work situation.
(B) A complete physical examination.
(C) A complete blood count including a leukocyte count with differential, a quantitative thrombocyte count, hem-atocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC). The results of these laboratory tests shall be reviewed by the examining physician.
(D) Additional tests as necessary in the opinion of the examining physician, based on alterations, to the compo-nents of the blood or other signs which may be related to benzene exposure; and
(E) For all workers required to wear respirators for at least 30 days a year, the physical examination shall pay spe-cial attention to the cardiopulmonary system and shall include a pulmonary function test.
(3) Periodic Examinations.
(A) The employer shall provide each employee covered under subsection (i)(1)(A) with a medical examination an-nually following the previous examination. These periodic examinations shall include at least the following elements:
1. A brief history regarding any new exposure to potential marrow toxins, changes in medicinal drug use, and the appearance of physical signs relating to blood disorders;
2. A complete blood count including a leukocyte count with differential quantitative thrombocyte count, hemo-globin, hematocrit, erythrocyte count and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC); and
3. Appropriate additional tests as necessary, in the opinion of the examining physician, in consequence of altera-tions in the components of the blood or other signs which my be related to benzene exposure.
(B) Where the employee develops signs and symptoms commonly associated with toxic exposure to benzene, the employer shall provide the employee with an additional medical examination which shall include those elements con-sidered appropriate by the examining physician.
(C) For persons required to use respirators for at least 30 days a year, a pulmonary function test shall be per-formed every three (3) years. A specific evaluation of the cardiopulmonary system shall be made at the time of the pulmonary function test.
(4) Emergency Examinations.
(A) In addition to the surveillance required by the subsection (i)(1)(A), if an employee is exposed to benzene in an emergency situation, the employer shall have the employee provide a urine sample at the end of the employee's shift and have a urinary phenol test performed on the sample within 72 hours. The urine specific gravity shall be corrected to 1.024.
(B) If the result of the urinary phenol test is below 75 mg phenol/L, no further testing is required.
(C) If the result of the urinary phenol test is equal to or greater than 75 mg phenol/L of urine, the employer shall provide the employee with a complete blood count including an erythrocyte count, leukocyte count with differential and thrombocyte count at monthly intervals for a duration of three (3) months following the emergency exposure.
(D) If any of the conditions specified in subsection (i)(5)(A) exists, then the further requirements of subsection (i)(5) shall be met and the employer shall, in addition, provide the employees with periodic examinations if directed by the physician.
(5) Additional Examinations and Referrals.
(A) Where the results of the complete blood count required for the initial and periodic examinations indicate the existence of any of the following abnormal conditions, then the blood count shall be repeated within 2 weeks.
1. The hemoglobin level or the hematocrit falls below the normal limit [outside the 95% confidence interval (C.I.)] as determined by the laboratory for the particular geographic area and/or these indices show a persistent downward trend from the individual's pre-exposure norms; provided these findings cannot be explained by other medical rea-sons.
2. The thrombocyte (platelet) count varies more than 20 percent below the employee's most recent values or falls outside the normal limit (95% C.I.) as determined by the laboratory.
3. The leukocyte count is below 4,000 per mm3 or there is an abnormal differential count.
(B) If the abnormality persists, the examining physician shall refer the employee to a hematologist or internist for further evaluation unless the physician has good reason to believe such referral is unnecessary. (See Appendix C for examples of conditions where a referral may be unnecessary.)
(C) The employer shall provide the hematologist or internist with the information required to be provided to the physician under subsection (i)(6) and the medical record required to be maintained by subsection (k)(2)(B).
(D) The hematologist's or internist's evaluation shall include a determination as to the need for additional tests, and the employer shall assure that these tests are provided.
(6) Information Provided to the Physician.
The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician:
(A) A copy of this regulation and its appendices;
(B) A description of the affected employee's duties as they relate to the employee's exposure;
(C) The employee's actual or representative exposure level;
(D) A description of any personal protective equipment used or to be used; and
(E) Information from previous employment-related medical examinations of the affected employee which is not otherwise available to the examining physician.
(7) Physician's Written Opinions.
(A) For each examination under this section, the employer shall obtain and provide the employee with a copy of the examining physician's written opinion within 15 days of the examination. The written opinion shall be limited to the following information:
1. The occupationally pertinent results of the medical examination and tests;
2. The physician's opinion concerning whether the employee has any detected medical conditions which would place the employee's health at greater than normal risk of material impairment from exposure to benzene;
3. The physician's recommended limitations upon the employee's exposure to benzene or upon the employee's use of protective clothing or equipment and respirators.
4. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and any medical conditions resulting from benzene exposure which require further explanation or treatment.
(B) The written opinion obtained by the employer shall not reveal specific records, findings and diagnoses that have no bearing on the employee's ability to work in a benzene-exposed workplace.
(8) Medical Removal Plan.
(A) When a physician makes a referral to a hematologist/internist as required under subsection (i)(5)(B), the em-ployee shall be removed from areas where exposures may exceed the action level until such time as the physician makes a determination under subsection (i)(8)(B).
(B) Following the examination and evaluation by the hematologist/internist, a decision to remove an employee from areas where benzene exposure is above the action level or to allow the employee to return to areas where ben-zene exposure is above the action level shall be made by the physician in consultation with the hematologist/internist. This decision shall be communicated in writing to the employer and employee. In the case of removal, the physician shall state the required probable duration of removal from occupational exposure to benzene above the action level and the requirements for future medical examinations to review the decision.
(C) For any employee who is removed pursuant to subsection (i)(8)(B), the employer shall provide a follow-up examination. The physician, in consultation with the hematologist/internist, shall make a decision within 6 months of the date employee was removed as to whether the employee shall be returned to the employee's former job or whether the employee should be removed permanently.
(D) Whenever an employee is temporarily removed from benzene exposure pursuant to subsections (i)(8)(A) or (i)(8)(B), the employer shall transfer the employee to a comparable job for which the employee is qualified (or can be trained for in a short period) and where benzene exposures are as low as possible, but in no event higher than the action level. The employer shall maintain the employee's current wage rate, seniority and other benefits. If there is no such job available, the employer shall provide medical removal protection benefits until such a job becomes available or for 6 months, whichever comes first.
(E) Whenever an employee is removed permanently from benzene exposure based on a physician's recommenda-tion pursuant to subsection (i)(8)(C), the employee shall be given the opportunity to transfer to another position which is available or later becomes available for which the employee is qualified (or can be trained for in a short period) and where benzene exposures are as low as possible but in no event higher than the action level. The employer shall assure that such employee suffers no reduction in current wage rate, seniority or other benefits as a result of the transfer.
(9) Medical Removal Protection Benefits.
(A) The employer shall provide to an employee 6 months of medical removal protection benefits immediately fol-lowing each occasion an employee is removed from exposure to benzene because of hematological findings pursuant to subsections (i)(8)(A) and (i)(8)(B), unless the employee has been transferred to a comparable job where benzene exposures are no higher than the action level.
(B) For the purposes of this section, the requirement that an employer provide medical removal protection bene-fits means that the employer shall maintain the current wage rate, seniority and other benefits of an employee as though the employee had not been removed.
(C) The employer's obligation to provide medical removal protection benefits to a removed employee shall be re-duced to the extent that the employee receives compensation for earnings lost during the period of removal either from a publicly or employer-funded compensation program, or from employment with another employer made possi-ble by virtue of the employee's removal.
(j) Communication of Hazards.
(1) Hazard Communication--General.
(A) Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Haz-ard Communication Standard (HCS) (Section 5194) for benzene.
(B) In classifying the hazards of benzene at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; central nerv-ous system effects; blood effects; aspiration; skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation; and flammability.
(C) Employers shall include benzene in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (Section 5194). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of benzene and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and subsection (j)(3) of this section.
(2) Warning Signs and Labels.
(A) The employer shall post signs at entrances to regulated areas. The signs shall bear the following legend:
DANGER
BENZENE
MAY CAUSE CANCER
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR
DO NOT SMOKE
WEAR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IN THIS AREA
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
(B) Prior to June 1, 2016, employers may use the following legend in lieu of that specified in subsection (j)(2)(A) of this section:
DANGER
BENZENE
CANCER HAZARD
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE -- NO SMOKING
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
RESPIRATOR REQUIRED
(C) The employer shall ensure that labels or other appropriate forms of warning are provided for containers of benzene within the workplace. There is no requirement to label pipes. The labels shall comply with the requirements of subsection (j)(1) of this section and section 5194(f).
(D) Prior to June 1, 2015, employers shall include the following legend or similar language on the labels or other appropriate forms of warning:
DANGER
CONTAINS BENZENE
CANCER HAZARD
(3) Information and Training.
(A) The employer shall provide employees with information and training at the time of their initial assignment to a work area where benzene is present. If exposures are above the action level, employees shall be provided with infor-mation and training at least annually thereafter.
(B) The training program shall be in accordance with the requirements of section 5194(h) and shall include specific information on benzene for each category of information prescribed by that section.
(C) In addition to the information required under section 5194, the employer shall:
1. Provide employees with an explanation of the contents of this section, including Appendices A and B, and indi-cate to them where this regulation is available; and
2. Describe the medical surveillance program required under subsection (i) and explain the information contained in Appendix C.
(k) Recordkeeping.
(l) Exposure Measurements.
(A) The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of all measurements required by subsection (e), in accordance with section 3204, Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records.
(B) This record shall include:
1. The dates, number, duration, and results of each of the samples taken, including a description of the procedure used to determine representative employee exposures;
2. A description of the sampling and analytical methods used;
3. A description of the type of respiratory protective devices worn, if any; and
4. The name, social security number, job classification and exposure levels of the employee monitored and all other employees whose exposure the measurement is intended to represent.
(C) The employer shall maintain this record for at least 30 years, in accordance with section 3204.
(2) Medical Surveillance.
(A) The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveil-lance required by subsection (i), in accordance with section 3204
(B) This record shall include:
1. The name and social security number of the employee;
2. The employer's copy of the physician's written opinion on the initial, periodic and special examinations, includ-ing results of medical examinations and all tests, opinions and recommendations;
3. Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to benzene;
4. A copy of the information provided to the physician as required by subsections (i)(6)(B) through (E); and
5. A copy of the employee's medical and work history related to exposure to benzene or any other hematologic toxins.
(C) The employer shall maintain this record for at least the duration of employment plus 30 years, in accordance with section 3204.
(3) Access to Records.
(A) The employer shall assure that all records required to be maintained by this section shall be made available upon request to the Chief and the Director for examination and copying.
(B) Employee exposure monitoring records required by subsection (k)(l) shall be provided upon request for exam-ination and copying to employees, employee representatives, and the Chief in accordance with section 3204.
(C) Employee medical records required by subsection (k)(2) shall be provided, upon request for examination and copying, to the subject employee, to anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and to the Chief in accordance with section 3204.
(4) Transfer of Records.
(A) The employer shall comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in section 3204(h).
(B) If the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor employer to receive and retain the records for the prescribed period, the employer shall notify the Director at least three (3) months prior to disposal, and transmit them to the Director if required by the Director within that period.
(l) Observation of Monitoring.
(1) Employee Observation. The employer shall provide affected employees, or their designated representatives, an opportunity to observe the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to benzene conducted pursuant to subsection (e).
(2) Observation Procedures. When observation of the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to benzene requires entry into areas where the use of protective clothing and equipment or respirators is required, the employer shall provide the observer with personal protective clothing and equipment or respirators required to be worn by em-ployees working in the area, assure the use of such clothing and equipment or respirators, and require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.
(m) Reporting Requirements. See section 5203.
(n) Dates.
(1) Effective Date. This regulation shall become effective on the thirtieth day after the date it is filed with the Sec-retary of State except as provided by subsection (n)(2).
(2) Start-up Dates.
(A) Engineering and work practice controls required by subsection (f)(l) shall be implemented no later than De-cember 10, 1989.
(B) Coke and coal chemical operations may comply with subsection (n)(2)(A) or alternately include within the compliance program required by subsection (f)(2), a requirement to phase in engineering controls as equipment is required and replaced. For coke and coal chemical operations choosing the latter alternative, compliance with the engineering controls requirements of subsection (f)(1) shall be achieved no later than December 10, 1992 and sub-stantial compliance with the engineering control requirements shall be achieved by December 10, 1990.
(o) Appendices. The information contained in Appendices A, B, C, and D is not intended, by itself, to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligations. The protocols on respiratory fit testing in Appendix E are mandatory.
Appendix A
Substance Safety Data Sheet, Benzene
I. Substance Identification
A. Substance: Benzene
(B) Permissible Exposure: Except as to the use of gasoline, motor fuels and other fuels subsequent to discharge from bulk terminals and other exemptions specified in section 5218(a)(2):
1. Airborne: The maximum time-weighed average exposure limit is 1 part of benzene vapor per million parts of air (1 ppm) for an 8-hour workday and the maximum short-term exposure limit (STEL) is 5 ppm as averaged over a 15-minute sampling period.
2. Dermal: Eye contact must be prevented and skin contact with liquid benzene must be limited.
C. Appearance and odor: Benzene is a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant, sweet odor. The odor of benzene does not provide adequate warning of its hazard.
II. Health Hazard Data
A. Ways in which benzene affects your health. Benzene can affect your health if you inhale it, or if it comes in contact with your skin or eyes. Benzene is also harmful if you happen to swallow it.
B. Effects of Overexposure.
1. Short-term (acute) Overexposure: If you are overexposed to high concentrations of benzene, well above the levels where its odor is first recognizable, you may feel breathless, irritable, euphoric, or giddy; you may experience irritation in your eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. You may develop a headache, feel dizzy, nauseated, or intoxicated. Severe exposures may lead to convulsions and loss of consciousness.
2. Long-term (chronic) Exposure. Repeated or prolonged exposure to benzene, even at relatively low concentra-tions, may result in various blood disorders, ranging from anemia to leukemia, an irreversible, fatal disease. Many blood disorders associated with benzene exposure may occur without symptoms.
III. Protective Clothing and Equipment.
A. Respirators. Respirators are required for those operations in which engineering controls or work practice con-trols are not feasible to reduce exposure to the permissible level. However, where employers can document that benzene is present in the workplace less than 30 days a year, respirators may be used in lieu of engineering controls. If respirators are worn, they must have joint Mine Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Oc-cupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) seal of approval, and cartridges or canisters must be replaced before the end of their service life, or the end of the shift, whichever occurs first. If you experience difficulty breathing while wearing a respirator, you may request a positive pressure respirator from your employer. You must be thoroughly trained to use the assigned respirator, and the training will be provided by your employer.
B. Protective Clothing. You must wear appropriate protective clothing (such as boots, gloves, sleeves, aprons, etc.) over any parts of your body that could be exposed to liquid benzene.
C. Eye and Face Protection. You must wear splash-proof safety goggles if it is possible that benzene may get into your eyes. In addition, you must wear a face shield if your face could be splashed with benzene liquid.
IV. Emergency and First-Aid Procedures.
A. Eye and Face Exposure. If benzene is splashed in your eyes, wash it out immediately with large amounts of water. If irritation persists or vision appears to be affected see a doctor as soon as possible.
B. Skin Exposure. If benzene is spilled on your clothing or skin, remove the contaminated clothing and wash the exposed skin with large amounts of water and soap immediately. Wash contaminated clothing before you wear it again.
C. Breathing. If you or any other person breathes in large amounts of benzene, get the exposed person to fresh air at once. Apply artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. Call for medical assistance or a doctor as soon as possible. Never enter any vessel or confined space where the benzene concentration might be high without proper safety equipment and at least one other person present who will stay outside. A life line should be used.
D. Swallowing. If benzene has been swallowed and the patient is conscious, do not induce vomiting. Call for medical assistance or a doctor immediately.
V. Medical Requirements
If you are exposed to benzene at a concentration at or above 0.5 ppm as an 8-hour time weighted average, or have been exposed above 10 ppm in the past while employed by your current employer, your employer is required to provide an initial medical examination and history and laboratory tests and annually thereafter. These tests shall be provided without cost to you. In addition, if you are accidentally exposed to benzene (either by ingestion, inhalation, or skin/eye contact) under emergency conditions known or suspected to constitute toxic exposure to benzene, your employer is required to make special laboratory tests available to you.
VI. Observation of Monitoring
Your employer is required to perform measurements that are representative of your exposure to benzene and you or your designated representative are entitled to observe the monitoring procedure. You are entitled to observe the steps taken in the measurement procedure and to record the results obtained. When the monitoring procedure is taking place in an area where respirators or personal protective clothing and equipment are required to be worn, you or your representative must also be provided with, and must wear the protective clothing and equipment.
VII. Access to Records
You or your representative are entitled to see the records of measurements of your exposure to benzene upon written request to your employer. Your medical examination records can be furnished to yourself, your physician or designated representative upon request by you to your employer.
VIII. Precautions for Safe Use, Handling and Storage
Benzene liquid is highly flammable. It should be stored in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. Benzene vapor may form explosive mixtures in air. All sources of ignition must be controlled. Use nonsparking tools when opening or closing benzene containers. Fire extinguishers, where provided, must be readily available. Know where they are located and how to operate them. Smoking is prohibited in areas where benzene is used or stored. Ask your supervisor where benzene is used in your area and for additional plant safety rules.
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